Photosymbiotic tissue engineering and regeneration

Abstract As the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine progresses, possibility for artificial organs to restore normal functions seems become more feasible. However, a major challenge in long-term culture engineered tissues is lack adequate oxygenation. The photosynthetic supply oxygen (O 2 ) using photoautotrophic microorganisms has been explored recently both vitro vivo studies. biofabrication photosymbiotic scaffolds biomaterials, microorganisms, human cells shown constant generation O response light illumination while avoiding hypoxic conditions. This emerging strategy oxygenation potentially an attractive approach overcome need medicine. Perspective aims present overview on applications microorganism-enabled strategies overcoming hypoxia-related challenges